Gera, Nina, Structural Adjustment Programs in Pakistan: A Boon or a Bane? Lahore School of Economics Press, Lahore, 2007, pp 169, Price PKR 300. Underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan have been suffering from problems like deficits in the balance of payments, budget deficits, inflation, etc. These countries have been receiving foreign grants and concessional loans, yet the problems were not solved. This continued for about thirty years. Starting from 1980, International Financial Institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank started to consider interventions in these economies and tied their foreign aid to certain structural reforms.